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(1) Injection System The effect of the injection system: The injection system is one of the main components of the Ningbo injection molding machine. There are three main methods: piston type, screw type, and screw pre-plastication piston injection type. Currently, the most widely used method is the screw type. Its effect is that, within one cycle of the injection molding machine, a certain amount of plastic can be heated and melted at the specified time, and under certain pressure and speed, the molten plastic is injected into the mold cavity through the screw. After the injection is completed, the molten material injected into the mold cavity is maintained in a fixed shape. Composition of the injection system: The injection system consists of a plasticizing device and a power transmission device. The plasticizing device of the screw injection machine mainly consists of feeding equipment, barrel, screw, and nozzle part. The power transmission device includes injection cylinder, injection seat moving cylinder, and screw drive equipment (melted glue motor). 

(2) Mold Closure System The effect of the mold closure system: The effect of the mold closure system is to ensure that the mold is closed, opened, and the product is ejected. At the same time, after the mold is closed, it provides the mold with an appropriate clamping force to resist the cavity pressure caused by the molten plastic entering the cavity, avoiding the mold opening and preventing the occurrence of defective products. The composition of the mold closure system: The mold closure system mainly consists of mold closing equipment, mold adjustment organization, ejection organization, front and rear fixed templates, moving templates, mold closing cylinder, and safety maintenance organization. (3) Hydraulic System The effect of the hydraulic transmission system is to provide power for various actions required by the injection molding machine according to the process requirements, and to meet the pressure, speed, temperature and other requirements of each part of the injection molding machine. It is mainly composed of various hydraulic components and hydraulic auxiliary components, among which the oil pump and motor are the power source of the injection molding machine. Various valves control the oil pressure and flow, thereby meeting the requirements of the injection molding process. 

(3) Electrical Control System The electrical control system works in harmony with the hydraulic system to meet the process requirements (pressure, temperature, speed, time) and various program actions of the injection machine. It is mainly composed of electrical components, electronic devices, displays, heaters, sensors, etc. There are generally four control methods: manual, semi-automatic, fully automatic, and adjustment. 

(4) Heating/Cooling System Modification This section describes the heating and cooling systems. The heating system is used to heat the barrel and the injection nozzle. The barrel of an injection molding machine is typically equipped with an electric heating element as the heating device, which is installed on the outside of the barrel and monitored segmentally by thermocouples. The heat conducts through the barrel wall to provide a heat source for the plasticization of the material; the cooling system is mainly used to cool the oil temperature. An excessively high oil temperature can cause various malfunctions, so the oil temperature must be controlled. Another area that requires cooling is near the discharge port of the material pipe, to prevent the material from melting at the discharge port, which would prevent the material from being discharged normally.

Nowadays, many machinery manufacturers are choosing to use injection molding machine manipulators as the main production method. However, the use of automated manipulators in production can significantly enhance the production efficiency and quality of products, as well as reduce the production costs. Whether the injection molding machine manipulators can work accurately in production is actually a three-dimensional positioning problem, which is a combination of several linear and angular measurements. In many simpler cases, a single measurement value may be the main factor. The factors affecting the positioning errors of a single linear or angular measurement are as follows: 

1. Positioning method - Different positioning methods have different influencing factors. For example, when using mechanical stop blocks for positioning, the positioning accuracy is related to the stiffness of the stop blocks and the speed at which they collide with the blocks. 

2. Positioning speed - The positioning speed has a significant impact on the positioning accuracy. This is because when the positioning speed varies, the energy that needs to be dissipated by the moving components also varies. Generally, to reduce the positioning error, the positioning speed should be reasonably controlled. For example, improving the buffering performance and efficiency of the buffer device, and controlling the drive system to make the moving components decelerate appropriately. 

3. Accuracy - The manufacturing accuracy and installation adjustment accuracy of the mechanical hand have a direct impact on the positioning accuracy. 

4. Stiffness - When the structural stiffness and contact stiffness of the mechanical hand itself are low, it is prone to vibration, resulting in generally lower positioning accuracy. 

5. Weight of the moving parts - The weight of the moving parts includes the weight of the mechanical hand itself and the weight of the object being grasped. Changes in the weight of the moving parts have a significant impact on positioning accuracy. Generally, as the weight of the moving parts increases, the positioning accuracy decreases. Therefore, during design, not only should the weight of the moving parts themselves be reduced, but also the influence of weight changes during operation should be taken into consideration. 

6. Driving Source - Pressure fluctuations in hydraulic and pneumatic systems, as well as fluctuations in voltage, oil temperature, and ambient temperature, all affect the repeatability positioning accuracy of the mechanical hand. Therefore, necessary measures for stabilizing the pressure and regulating the oil temperature should be adopted. For example, an accumulator can be used to stabilize the oil pressure, heaters or coolers can be used to control the oil temperature, and at low speeds, a temperature and pressure compensation flow control valve can be used for control. 

7. Control System - The positioning control accuracy of switch control, electro-hydraulic proportional control, and servo control is different. This is not only due to the varying precision and sensitivity of different control components, but also related to the presence or absence of position feedback devices.